Senate Awards Wining Papers
Exploring Black Hole–Spiral Arm Relationships in Spiral Galaxies: A Comparative Study
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Senior Prof. Prabath Hewageegana (Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates the relationship between the pitch angles of spiral arms and supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses in spiral galaxies. Using advanced image analysis and computational modeling, the researchers explored how the structure of inner and outer spiral arms correlates with SMBH mass, aiming to refine our understanding of galaxy dynamics and formation.
What Did the Study Do?
The researchers analyzed a sample of 10 spiral galaxies, measuring the pitch angles of inner and outer arms using sophisticated tools like the SPIRALITY code and the Python-OL script. Pitch angle data across multiple wavebands (e.g., infrared and optical) were used to calculate SMBH masses via established scaling relations. Comparisons with existing studies were conducted to validate the methodology and results.
Key Findings
Distinct Pitch Angle Patterns: The study revealed significant differences in pitch angles between inner and outer spiral arms, which influence SMBH mass estimates.
Waveband Correlations: A strong correlation was observed between pitch angle measurements in infrared wavebands, emphasizing the reliability of these wavelengths in studying spiral galaxies.
Inner Arms as Key Indicators: For galaxies with both inner and outer arms, SMBH mass was found to be more accurately determined using the pitch angles of inner arms.
Why Is This Important?
The findings highlight the intricate dynamics of spiral galaxies and provide a refined method for estimating SMBH masses. This is vital for understanding galaxy evolution, as SMBHs play a pivotal role in shaping the structure and behavior of galaxies.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 13 (Climate Action): Indirectly contributing to our understanding of cosmic processes that affect Earth's place in the universe.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae2200.
Tradeoffs and Synergies among Island Ecosystem Service Bundles: Insights from Zhoushan Archipelago, China
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. H.A.C.C. Perera (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates how urbanization affects ecosystem services on islands, focusing on the Zhoushan Archipelago in China. Using advanced spatial analysis tools and ecosystem modeling, the research examines the tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem service bundles, aiming to guide sustainable urban development and ecological conservation.
What Did the Study Do?
The researchers used multi-source spatial data and applied models such as InVEST and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to quantify ecosystem services. Key ecosystem services analyzed include water regulation, soil retention, and carbon sequestration. The study employed principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify patterns in ecosystem services and assess the impacts of human activities on island ecosystems.
Key Findings
Ecosystem Service Clusters: The study identified distinct clusters of ecosystem services, reflecting varying ecological functions across the islands.
Urbanization Effects: Increased urbanization was associated with significant tradeoffs, such as soil erosion and reduced water regulation, but also highlighted potential synergies under coordinated planning.
Regional Differences: The spatial analysis revealed regional heterogeneity in ecosystem services, suggesting that targeted management is necessary for sustainable development.
Why Is This Important?
This research underscores the delicate balance between conservation and development in island ecosystems undergoing rapid urbanization. It provides essential insights for designing effective zoning and management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation while supporting economic growth and urban planning.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): It emphasizes sustainable urbanization strategies tailored for island settings.
SDG 13 (Climate Action): The findings support conservation efforts by identifying priority areas for ecological restoration.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/su16010394.
Chemical Composition of Rainwater in Kandy/Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Insights into Air Pollution
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. M.P. Deeyamulla (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study examines the chemical composition of rainwater across three sites in Kandy and Peradeniya to understand the relationship between rainwater quality and air pollution. By analyzing bulk precipitation collected over 11 months, the research assesses various water quality parameters, including pH, conductivity, salinity, and the presence of trace metals and anions, to determine the extent and sources of air pollution in these areas.
What Did the Study Do?
Rainwater samples were collected weekly from three locations: the University of Peradeniya (UOP), Kandy City Central (KCC), and Polgolla. The researchers measured water quality parameters like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness, as well as concentrations of anions (chlorides, nitrates, sulfates) and trace metals (zinc, iron, aluminum, and others). Advanced analytical techniques, such as ion chromatography and microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, were used to evaluate the data.
Key Findings
Rainwater pH levels indicated no acid rain occurrences during the study period, with the highest pH observed at KCC.
The KCC site, located in an urban area, recorded the highest values for conductivity, salinity, and TDS, suggesting elevated pollution levels compared to suburban (Polgolla) and peri-urban (UOP) areas.
The dominant anions and trace metals followed consistent patterns, with chlorides and zinc being the most prevalent across all sites.
Correlations between certain trace metals, such as aluminum and zinc at KCC, highlight possible shared pollution sources.
Why Is This Important?
Understanding the chemical composition of rainwater provides valuable insights into air quality and pollution sources in Sri Lanka. This knowledge is critical for designing strategies to mitigate pollution and protect public health and ecosystems in urban and suburban areas.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): By addressing urban air quality issues, it supports sustainable urban planning.
SDG 13 (Climate Action): The findings enable better adaptation strategies for managing pollution under changing climate conditions.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100243.
Seasonal Forecasting of Bactrocera dorsalis Density in Bioclimatic Zones of Sri Lanka Using the SARIMA Model
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. G.A.S.M. Ganehiarachchi (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study explores the population density of Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly), a significant pest in Sri Lanka's fruit industry, across the country's bioclimatic zones. Utilizing the SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model, the research predicts seasonal density fluctuations from 2020 to 2025 and examines their implications on pest management and agricultural practices.
What Did the Study Do?
The researchers collected monthly data from fruit fly traps set in 40 locations spanning Sri Lanka’s wet, intermediate, dry, and arid zones from 2020 to 2022. Using the SARIMA model, they forecasted population trends up to 2025 and analyzed density variations with GIS mapping techniques to provide spatial and temporal insights.
Key Findings
Bactrocera dorsalis density exhibits an increasing trend across all zones, with a predicted rise of 20% in the wet zone, 30% in the intermediate zone, 26% in the dry zone, and 37% in the arid zone by 2025.
The arid zone is expected to have the highest density by 2025, while the wet zone is likely to record the lowest.
Seasonal variations strongly influence the population, correlating with climate conditions and fruiting periods.
Why Is This Important?
The findings offer critical insights for agricultural stakeholders, helping them implement targeted pest management strategies. Understanding population dynamics is essential for minimizing economic losses and ensuring sustainable fruit production in Sri Lanka.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): By supporting sustainable agricultural practices, it addresses food security challenges caused by pest outbreaks.
SDG 13 (Climate Action): It highlights how climate influences pest behavior, aiding in adaptive agricultural strategies under changing climate conditions.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1186/s43170-024-00241-2.
Chemical Composition of Rainwater and its Impact on Air Pollution in Kandy and Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. Kalya Subasinghe (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates how the bill size of various Australian songbird species, specifically the Meliphagides, is influenced by temperature extremes. While bill morphology has been traditionally associated with feeding, new evidence suggests a crucial thermoregulatory function, where larger bills can assist in dissipating heat. The research explores whether extreme cold and hot weather conditions have led to regional adaptations in bill size to optimize thermal regulation.
What Did the Study Do?
Using data from over 9,000 museum specimens spanning 79 Meliphagides species, researchers analyzed how bill size varied in relation to local climate extremes across Australia. Measurements included the length, width, and depth of bills, paired with climate data on temperature and humidity. By focusing on seasonal and extreme weather conditions, the study aimed to identify patterns in how bill morphology adapts to fluctuating environmental demands.
Key Findings
Results indicate that bill size is significantly influenced by both high and low-temperature extremes, with larger bills more common in hot and humid areas, and smaller bills observed in colder, drier climates. Interestingly, the relationship between bill size and temperature extremes varied across regions, with factors such as humidity and rainfall further influencing these patterns. The findings support the theory that climate has a direct impact on avian morphology through thermoregulatory needs.
Why Is This Important?
This research provides insights into how birds adapt physically to their environments, highlighting the importance of morphological changes in response to climate extremes. Understanding these adaptive traits is essential for predicting how species may respond to climate change, especially in managing heat and cold stress in diverse habitats.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 13 (Climate Action): By improving understanding of species’ responses to climate variation, the study contributes to conservation planning efforts in the context of climate change adaptation.
SDG 15 (Life on Land ): By documenting species-specific adaptations, this research supports the sustainable management of ecosystems critical for biodiversity conservation.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2480.
Spatial Variation in Avian Bill Size Associated with Temperature Extremes in Australian Birds
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. Kalya Subasinghe (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates how the bill size of various Australian songbird species, specifically the Meliphagides, is influenced by temperature extremes. While bill morphology has been traditionally associated with feeding, new evidence suggests a crucial thermoregulatory function, where larger bills can assist in dissipating heat. The research explores whether extreme cold and hot weather conditions have led to regional adaptations in bill size to optimize thermal regulation.
What Did the Study Do?
Using data from over 9,000 museum specimens spanning 79 Meliphagides species, researchers analyzed how bill size varied in relation to local climate extremes across Australia. Measurements included the length, width, and depth of bills, paired with climate data on temperature and humidity. By focusing on seasonal and extreme weather conditions, the study aimed to identify patterns in how bill morphology adapts to fluctuating environmental demands.
Key Findings
Results indicate that bill size is significantly influenced by both high and low-temperature extremes, with larger bills more common in hot and humid areas, and smaller bills observed in colder, drier climates. Interestingly, the relationship between bill size and temperature extremes varied across regions, with factors such as humidity and rainfall further influencing these patterns. The findings support the theory that climate has a direct impact on avian morphology through thermoregulatory needs.
Why Is This Important?
This research provides insights into how birds adapt physically to their environments, highlighting the importance of morphological changes in response to climate extremes. Understanding these adaptive traits is essential for predicting how species may respond to climate change, especially in managing heat and cold stress in diverse habitats.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 13 (Climate Action): By improving understanding of species’ responses to climate variation, the study contributes to conservation planning efforts in the context of climate change adaptation.
SDG 15 (Life on Land ): By documenting species-specific adaptations, this research supports the sustainable management of ecosystems critical for biodiversity conservation.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2480.
Validation and Calibration of a Novel GEM Biosensor for Heavy Metal Detection
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Dr. Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka )
What is the Study About?
This study focuses on developing a genetically engineered microbial (GEM) biosensor capable of detecting cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in low concentrations. Heavy metals like cadmium are environmental pollutants that accumulate in water and food, posing health risks. This research introduces a biosensor using genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, which fluoresce in the presence of target metals, thereby enabling easy and specific detection.
What Did the Study Do?
The researchers engineered an E. coli-based biosensor by modifying the genetic structure of the bacterial cells to express green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in response to Cd, Pb, and Zn. The modified E. coli cells were tested with various concentrations of these metals, and fluorescence intensity was measured to assess detection sensitivity and specificity. The biosensor was calibrated for real-time environmental monitoring, showing a high degree of sensitivity within a range of 1–6 parts per billion (ppb) for each target metal.
Key Findings
The GEM biosensor demonstrated effective detection of Cd, Pb, and Zn with high specificity, as it did not respond to non-target metals like iron (Fe) or arsenate. Fluorescence intensity correlated linearly with increasing metal concentrations, highlighting the biosensor's ability to provide accurate quantification. Notably, mixtures of these metals also generated detectable fluorescent signals, suggesting potential for field applications.
Why Is This Important?
The biosensor offers a portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly tool for detecting heavy metal contamination in water and soil, providing timely data for environmental health and safety. By eliminating the need for complex laboratory equipment, it simplifies heavy metal monitoring, making it accessible for broader applications.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By promoting innovations for environmental health monitoring to mitigate pollution exposure.
SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By providing tools to ensure safe water resources through pollution detection.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00820-7.
The Link Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms and Perceived Stress: A Nationwide Study in Sri Lanka
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka )
What is the Study About?
This study explores the connection between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and perceived stress in Sri Lanka. GERD is a condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn. The research investigates the impact of stress on the frequency and severity of GERD symptoms across a representative sample of Sri Lankans.
What Did the Study Do?
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,200 participants from all 25 districts in Sri Lanka. Data on GERD symptoms were collected using a validated GERD screening tool, and perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The study analyzed the correlation between stress levels and GERD symptoms, considering demographic and lifestyle factors.
Key Findings
The study found that participants with moderate to high stress levels had a significantly higher prevalence of GERD symptoms. The odds of experiencing GERD were almost double for those under moderate to severe stress. Symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation were more common in individuals with higher stress, suggesting a strong link between stress and GERD in the Sri Lankan population.
Why Is This Important?
GERD affects the quality of life and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. By highlighting the role of stress in worsening GERD symptoms, this study underscores the need for stress management in treating GERD. These findings can inform public health interventions aimed at reducing stress-related health problems in Sri Lanka.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By improving understanding of stress-related health conditions and promoting better healthcare strategies.
SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth): By addressing health issues that impact workplace productivity due to stress-related disorders.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294135.
Epidemiological Evidence of Zika Virus Transmission in Dengue-Suspected Patients in Sri Lanka
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
Menaka Hapugoda (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates the transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Sri Lanka, particularly in patients initially suspected of having dengue. The research, involving collaboration between the University of Kelaniya and hospitals in Kandy and Negombo, explores the presence of ZIKV during the dengue outbreaks between 2017 and 2019. It focuses on the detection of Zika virus co-circulating with dengue virus (DENV) in areas endemic to mosquito-borne diseases.
What Did the Study Do?
A total of 595 serum samples were collected from dengue-suspected patients admitted to hospitals in Kandy and Negombo. Researchers performed molecular testing using real-time PCR to identify the ZIKV RNA and employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect ZIKV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG). Further neutralization tests were carried out to confirm the presence of ZIKV antibodies and determine the rates of ZIKV infection among these patients.
Key Findings
The study confirmed the presence of Zika virus infections in 2.0% and 3.7% of patients in Kandy and Negombo, respectively. Co-infections with both ZIKV and DENV were observed, indicating simultaneous transmission. Most Zika cases were mild, but the study highlighted the potential for ZIKV to contribute to more severe clinical outcomes when occurring alongside dengue. This is the first substantial evidence of Zika virus circulating in Sri Lanka during a dengue outbreak.
Why Is This Important?
Zika virus is a growing global concern due to its link to neurological complications and birth defects. This study provides critical data on the co-circulation of ZIKV and DENV in Sri Lanka, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic capabilities and public health measures. The findings call for enhanced surveillance and vector control strategies to mitigate the impact of mosquito-borne diseases in the region.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By contributing to the understanding of infectious diseases and improving preparedness for future outbreak.
SDG 13 (Climate Action ): Importance of climate change may influence the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.014
Understanding Microplastic Pollution Along Sri Lanka’s Coast: From Kelani River to Mahaoya
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
P.G.Y.W. Weerasekara (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
D. S. M. De Silva (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
R.C.L De Silva (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
What is the Study About?
This study investigates the presence and distribution of microplastics (MPs) along the western coastline of Sri Lanka, specifically from the estuaries of the Kelani River to Mahaoya. With increasing concerns over plastic pollution, this research conducted by the University of Kelaniya focuses on analyzing the levels of MPs in beach sediments and surface seawater. The goal is to understand the scale of contamination and identify the types of plastics affecting these crucial coastal ecosystems.
What Did the Study Do?
Researchers collected water and sediment samples from nine sites over a 42 km coastal stretch between the Kelani and Mahaoya estuaries. The study applied advanced techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), to identify and categorize the microplastics present. They analyzed the shape, size, and type of MPs found in both seawater and sediment, examining the correlation between these plastics and environmental conditions such as human activities and monsoonal changes.
Key Findings
The study found that microplastics are widespread along the coast, with polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) being the most prevalent types. MPs were mostly found as fragments, followed by fibers and pellets. The highest concentration was observed at the Mahaoya estuary, while Dungalpitiya and other sites showed comparatively lower levels. The study also highlighted the impact of human activities such as fishing and tourism, which contribute to the accumulation of these plastics in the marine environment.
Why Is This Important?
Microplastic pollution poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems and human health, as these plastics can be ingested by marine organisms and enter the food chain. By quantifying the types and distribution of MPs in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka, this study provides critical data that can guide policy-making and promote more sustainable waste management practices. It also emphasizes the need for urgent measures to reduce plastic waste in order to preserve coastal biodiversity and protect marine life.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 14 (Life Below Water): By addressing marine plastic pollution, this research supports efforts to conserve and sustainably use the oceans.
SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): The study underscores the importance of reducing plastic waste and promoting responsible waste management practices.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.20944/preprints202405.1431.v1
Dengue Prediction in Gampaha: A New Model for Outbreak Prevention
Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:
Rasika Dalpadadoa (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science)
Deepika Amarasinghe (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science)
Nayana Gunathilaka (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine)
Annista N. Wijayanayake (Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science)
What is the Study About?
This study focuses on developing a predictive model to forecast dengue outbreaks in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Dengue is a serious mosquito-borne disease affecting tropical regions. The study investigates the relationships between dengue transmission, vector indices (mosquito population metrics), and environmental factors like rainfall and humidity. By understanding these dynamics, the model aims to predict future outbreaks and guide preventative actions.
What Did the Study Do?
Researchers collected data from 2014 to 2019 across urban, suburban, and rural areas of Gampaha. They examined mosquito breeding indices and climatic factors such as rainfall and humidity. This information was used to create multiple models that predict dengue incidence based on local conditions. The models were tested to ensure accuracy across different environments, including urban, suburban, and rural settings.
Key Findings
The study found that the Breteau Index, which measures the density of mosquito larvae, is a strong predictor of dengue outbreaks. The model showed that higher mosquito breeding during rainy periods correlates with increased dengue cases. Specifically, rural areas, where Aedes albopictus mosquitoes dominate, showed a strong association between the Breteau Index and dengue outbreaks.
Why Is This Important?
Predicting dengue outbreaks allows health authorities to implement vector control measures early, reducing the risk of large-scale epidemics. The model helps target high-risk areas and optimize resource allocation for mosquito control, ultimately improving public health outcomes in dengue-prone regions like Gampaha.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being ): Helping prevent the spread of infectious diseases like dengue.
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) : Improving public health infrastructure and response to environmental challenges.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32326
Improving Water Quality in Kurunegala: The Role of a New Sewage Treatment Plant
What is the Study About?
This study examines the impact of the Greater Kurunegala Sewage Treatment Plant (GKSTP) on the water quality of city canals in Kurunegala. Urban stormwater drains collect untreated wastewater, leading to pollution problems. To address this, the GKSTP was introduced in 2018 to treat the wastewater before it is released back into the environment. The study looks at whether this plant has improved the water quality in the canals and explores the challenges it still faces.
What Did the Study Do?
Researchers measured the water quality at seven different sites in Kurunegala's canals, comparing current conditions to those before the GKSTP was established. They tested water during both dry and wet seasons for various factors like temperature, pH, levels of dissolved oxygen, and pollutants. They aimed to see if the plant effectively improved the water quality and identified where further improvements are needed.
Key Findings
The study found that while the GKSTP has improved water quality compared to before, the water still does not meet acceptable standards in many areas. Pollution levels are higher during the rainy season, and some sites still have high levels of organic pollutants that can harm aquatic life. Although the water quality index has improved from 35 to 49 since the plant started, it still falls short of being satisfactory.
Why Is This Important?
Improving water quality is essential for public health, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. The GKSTP has made progress, but more work is needed to address ongoing pollution, especially during the wet season. Better management of wastewater and more extensive treatment processes are required to protect water resources and meet national quality standards.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By treating wastewater and improving the quality of water used in agriculture and the environment.
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) : By addressing urban water pollution and enhancing the sustainability of city infrastructure.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412717
A Novel Financial Approach to Socioeconomic Well-being: Introducing Indices for Global Socioeconomic Health
What is the Study About?
Traditional financial markets are primarily concerned with economic metrics like GDP and stock indices. However, recent developments in the field of finance now allow us to measure a broader concept: socioeconomic well-being. Researchers from the University of Kelaniya, along with international collaborators, have developed a groundbreaking market for indices of socioeconomic well-being, offering a new tool to assess and manage the well-being of citizens worldwide.
What Did the Study Do?
This study aimed to create indices that assign a dollar value to the well-being of citizens across multiple countries, including the US, China, and Germany. These indices reflect various factors like income distribution, unemployment, and life expectancy. Researchers used advanced financial tools, such as asset pricing theory and econometric modeling, to design these indices, creating a financial market where well-being can be treated as a tradeable asset.
Key Findings
The research revealed that these indices provide valuable insights into the socioeconomic stability of nations. For example, countries like the US showed high well-being scores, while others demonstrated vulnerabilities. The study also explored the potential for creating financial instruments, such as index-based options, that allow investors to hedge against downturns in a nation's well-being.
Why Is This Important?
By quantifying and trading socioeconomic well-being, this innovative approach expands the scope of financial markets to include human welfare as a measurable asset. It encourages both policymakers and private investors to prioritize well-being, potentially leading to more equitable and sustainable economic policies globally.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Encouraging countries to measure and improve their citizens' well-being.
SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth): Highlighting the importance of socioeconomic stability for long-term growth.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/jrfm17010035.
Harnessing Indigenous Plants to Combat Dengue Mosquitoes: A New Approach in Sri Lanka
What is the Study About?
Dengue fever, a serious disease spread by mosquitoes, poses a significant threat, particularly in tropical regions like Sri Lanka. Traditional methods of mosquito control often rely on synthetic chemicals, which can cause environmental harm and lead to resistance in mosquito populations. To address this, researchers from Sri Lanka explored a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution by using plant extracts from indigenous species.
What Did the Study Do?
The research focused on three local plants: Garcinia quaesita, Garcinia zeylanica, and Coleus hadiensis. Scientists collected leaves from these plants, prepared extracts, and tested their effects on Aedes aegypti larvae, the primary vector of dengue fever. The team conducted bioassays to determine the effectiveness of these plant extracts in killing mosquito larvae.
Key Findings
The study revealed that extracts from Garcinia quaesita and Garcinia zeylanica were highly effective in reducing the mosquito larvae population, showing a dose-dependent increase in mortality. However, Coleus hadiensis did not exhibit the same larvicidal activity. The effectiveness of the Garcinia species was attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics, which interfere with the larvae's biological processes.
Why Is This Important?
This research offers a promising alternative to chemical insecticides, potentially reducing the environmental impact of mosquito control programs. By utilizing locally available plants, this approach not only helps in controlling the spread of dengue but also supports the bio economy by promoting the use of natural resources in disease management.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Reducing the incidence of dengue by effectively controlling mosquito populations.
SDG 15 (Life on Land): Promoting sustainable use of ecosystems through the utilization of indigenous plant species.
For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1111/1748-5967.12732
Making Dairy Manure Safer for the Environment: A New Two-Stage Treatment Process
What is the Study About?
Livestock farming is crucial for food production, but managing the waste from dairy farms can pose serious environmental challenges. When manure from livestock is not properly treated, it can pollute our soil and water, harming plants, animals, and even humans. Researchers from Saitama University and the University of Kelaniya have developed a new approach to make dairy manure safer by significantly reducing its toxicity through a two-stage treatment process.
What Did the Study Do?
The researchers tested the effects of untreated and treated dairy manure using a simple plant-based method called the Allium cepa bioassay, which uses onion roots to detect toxic substances. The treatment involved two steps: first, they added chemicals (polyaluminum chloride and cationic polyacrylamide) to the manure to help separate the solid waste from the liquid. Next, they used an electric process called electrocoagulation with either aluminum or steel electrodes to further clean the liquid.
Key Findings
The study found that the two-stage treatment significantly reduced the toxicity of the liquid part of the manure. Before treatment, the manure was highly toxic, causing a high rate of cell damage in the onion roots. However, after the treatment, the harmful effects were greatly reduced, making the liquid safer for potential reuse or disposal. This means that the process could help protect our environment from the harmful impacts of untreated livestock waste.
Why Is This Important?
Managing dairy manure effectively can help prevent pollution and protect water quality, which is essential for both ecosystems and human health. This treatment approach provides a practical solution for farmers to manage livestock waste sustainably, reducing environmental risks and supporting cleaner agricultural practices.
How This Supports Global Goals
This study contributes to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:
SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By reducing the toxicity of dairy manure, the treatment helps keep our water sources clean and safe.
SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): The approach encourages responsible waste management, turning potentially harmful waste into a safer resource.
SDG 15 (Life on Land): By minimizing soil and water contamination, this method helps protect land ecosystems and supports biodiversity.
For more details, check out the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170001.