Senate Awards Wining Papers

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Isuru Udayangani Hewapathirana (Department of Software Engineering Teaching Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This research examines how AI-powered virtual influencers (VIs) operate on social media, focusing on aspects like trust, engagement, effectiveness compared to human influencers, and ethical concerns. The goal is to understand the dynamics of virtual influencers in the marketing landscape.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing 60 academic articles published between 2012 and 2024. They used specific criteria to select relevant studies and employed both automated and manual search methods to gather comprehensive data. The review aimed to identify trends, gaps, and key themes in the existing research on virtual influencers.

Key Findings

• Trust and Engagement: The study found that trust and engagement are crucial for the success of virtual influencers. Factors like perceived credibility and emotional connection play significant roles.

• Effectiveness Compared to Human Influencers: Virtual influencers can offer advantages such as consistent branding and cost efficiency, but they face challenges regarding authenticity and trust.

• Ethical Considerations: The emergence of virtual influencers raises ethical questions about transparency and the potential impact on consumer behavior, especially among younger audiences.

Why Is This Important?

Understanding the role of virtual influencers is essential for marketers and researchers as they shape the future of influencer marketing. The findings provide insights into how brands can effectively utilize virtual influencers while addressing ethical concerns.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): By exploring innovative marketing strategies through AI technology.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): By promoting ethical practices in influencer marketing.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study:  DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i8.6352.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. G.P.G.M.D. Hapugoda (Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study explores the prevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among patients suspected of having dengue fever during the dengue outbreak in Sri Lanka from 2017 to 2019. The researchers aimed to understand how often CHIKV co-circulates with dengue virus (DENV) in this region, as both diseases are transmitted by the same mosquito species and can present similar symptoms.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers collected serum samples from 295 patients at Kandy National Hospital and 300 patients at Negombo District General Hospital who exhibited dengue-like symptoms such as fever, rash, and joint pain. They used advanced techniques like quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect the CHIKV genome and conducted serological tests to identify antibodies against CHIKV.

Key Findings

• Prevalence of Recent Infections: The study found that 2.4% of patients in Kandy and 7.0% in Negombo had recent CHIKV infections, indicating a notable presence of the virus during the dengue outbreak.

• Past Infections: The researchers also identified that 16.3% of patients in Kandy and 12.3% in Negombo had evidence of past CHIKV infections through the presence of antibodies.

• Age Distribution: Most recent CHIKV infections were found in young adults aged 13-24 years, highlighting a demographic that may be particularly affected.

Why Is This Important?

The findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance of CHIKV, especially in areas where dengue is prevalent. Understanding the co-circulation of these viruses is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management, as both can lead to significant health issues.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being): By improving our understanding of viral infections and their impact on public health, the study aims to enhance health outcomes in affected populations.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102709

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Senior Prof. Priyani Paranagama (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates how different drying methods affect the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Salicornia brachiata, a halophyte known for its potential health benefits. The researchers aimed to identify the most effective drying technique to preserve the plant's beneficial properties, which can be used as a natural salt substitute.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers applied three distinct drying methods: freeze-drying (FD), microwave-vacuum drying (MVD), and heat pump oven drying (HPOD) to the aerial parts of S. brachiata. They analyzed the dried samples for proximate composition, mineral content, and bioactive properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Advanced techniques such as GC-MS were used to assess lipid extracts and phenolic content.

Key Findings

• Optimal Drying Method: Freeze-drying was found to best preserve the nutritional content, yielding the highest levels of carbohydrates, crude fat, and dietary fibers.

• Enhanced Bioactivity: The methanolic extracts from freeze-dried samples exhibited superior antioxidant activity and higher total phenolic content compared to other drying methods.

• Antibacterial Potential: The freeze-dried extracts demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria, indicating their potential use in health applications.

Why Is This Important?

The findings emphasize the significance of drying methods in retaining the nutritional and bioactive properties of S. brachiata. This research is crucial for developing functional foods and dietary supplements, as well as promoting sustainable alternatives to traditional salt.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): By promoting the use of nutrient-rich halophytes as food sources, it supports food security and nutrition.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1177/1934578X251315822

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Gayana P. S. Gunaratna (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates the medicinal and nutritional properties of various Cinnamomum species, particularly those native to Sri Lanka. It focuses on analyzing the essential oil content, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of these cinnamon species, which are known for their health benefits.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers conducted a study involving 140 patients who showed symptoms of leptospirosis. They collected blood samples and tested them using both RPA and qPCR methods. The results were compared to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), which is the standard method for confirming leptospirosis.

Key Findings

• High Detection Rates: Both RPA and qPCR were able to detect Leptospira in a significant number of patients, with qPCR showing a sensitivity of 79% and RPA showing 70%.

• Rapid Results: The RPA method provided results in just 35 minutes, while qPCR took about 3 hours, making RPA a faster option for diagnosis.

• Comparison with MAT: The study found that RPA and qPCR had similar effectiveness compared to the MAT, which is traditionally used but takes longer to yield results.

Why Is This Important?

The findings highlight the potential of RPA as a quick and reliable diagnostic tool for leptospirosis, which is crucial for timely treatment and management of the disease. This is particularly important in tropical regions where leptospirosis is prevalent and can lead to severe health complications.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being): The study promotes improved health outcomes by facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis.

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): It emphasizes the need for better management of water resources to prevent the spread of diseases like leptospirosis, which is often linked to contaminated water.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295287

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Senior Prof. Priyani Paranagamag (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates the medicinal and nutritional properties of various Cinnamomum species, particularly those native to Sri Lanka. It focuses on analyzing the essential oil content, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of these cinnamon species, which are known for their health benefits.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers collected samples from seven endemic Cinnamomum species and extracted essential oils, methanol, and hexane from the bark and leaves. They used advanced techniques like Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chemical composition and conducted various assays to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Key Findings

• Significant Antioxidant Properties: Certain species, such as Sri Vijaya and C. rivulorum, showed strong antioxidant capabilities.

• High Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol Content: Sri Gemunu had the highest percentage of Cinnamaldehyde (61.63%) and Eugenol (91.45%) in its leaves.

• Potential Medicinal Uses: C. sinharajaense and C. rivulorum emerged as promising candidates for further medicinal research due to their beneficial properties.

Why Is This Important?

The findings highlight the successful adaptation of a digital dietary assessment tool that can facilitate large-scale dietary data collection in South Asia. This is crucial for understanding dietary patterns and their relationship with health outcomes in a region facing high rates of non-communicable diseases.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): The study promotes the use of natural products for health benefits, contributing to improved health outcomes.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): It encourages the sustainable use of natural resources and the development of nutraceuticals from local biodiversity.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2438269

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. A.A.L.K. Athauda (Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study focuses on adapting and implementing Intake24, a digital tool for 24-hour dietary recalls, specifically for South Asian populations. The aim is to create a dietary assessment method that accurately reflects the diverse food habits and consumption patterns in countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers adapted the Intake24 tool to include a comprehensive food database relevant to South Asian diets, which involved:

• Developing a food database with 2,283 items commonly consumed in the region.

• Training interviewers to conduct dietary recalls using the tool.

• Evaluating the performance of Intake24 by analyzing dietary data from over 29,000 participants.

Key Findings

• High Food Coverage: The adapted tool effectively captured a wide range of foods consumed across different regions, with a median recall completion time of 13 minutes.

• Demographic Insights: Younger individuals and males reported higher energy intakes, while underweight participants had lower energy consumption.

• Quality Control: The study found that 99% of dietary recalls included more than 8 items, indicating good data quality.

Why Is This Important?

The findings highlight the successful adaptation of a digital dietary assessment tool that can facilitate large-scale dietary data collection in South Asia. This is crucial for understanding dietary patterns and their relationship with health outcomes in a region facing high rates of non-communicable diseases.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): The study promotes better dietary assessment methods to improve nutrition and health in South Asian populations.

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): It emphasizes the importance of understanding dietary habits to address health issues related to diet.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104543

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Tania Warnakulasuriya (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates how mechanical circulatory support (MCS), specifically the Impella heart pump, affects kidney function after a heart attack. Heart attacks can weaken the heart, reducing blood flow to organs, including the kidneys. This can cause kidney damage (acute kidney injury - AKI). The research explores whether MCS devices improve kidney function by reducing renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), a key factor in kidney stress.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers used an ovine (sheep) model to simulate heart attacks in one group and compared them to healthy controls. They measured:

• Blood pressure and kidney blood flow before and after the heart attack.

• Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to assess kidney stress.

• Effects of the Impella heart pump on these parameters.

Key Findings

• Heart Attacks Increase Kidney Stress: After a heart attack, RSNA increased by 67%, leading to reduced kidney blood flow.

• Impella Support Lowers Kidney Stress: When the Impella pump was activated, RSNA dropped by 21%, indicating reduced strain on the kidneys.

• Better Blood Flow to the Kidneys: The Impella pump increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and improved renal blood flow (RBF).

Why Is This Important?

Heart attack patients often experience kidney complications, which can worsen their condition and recovery. This study suggests that mechanical circulatory support not only helps the heart but also protects the kidneys, reducing the need for additional medications and treatments.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being): Highlights new ways to protect kidney function in heart attack patients.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): Encourages advanced medical technology to improve patient outcomes.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01086-5

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. D.S.M. De Silva (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates microplastic pollution in macrophytes (aquatic plants), sediment, and water in Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka. The research examines the types and amounts of microplastics accumulating in these ecosystems and their potential impacts on marine life.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers collected samples from 9 locations within Negombo Lagoon. They analyzed water, sediments, and three macrophyte species (Gracilaria sp., Chaetomorpha sp., and Halodule pinifolia) to detect microplastics using fluorescence tagging and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-µFTIR, ATR-FTIR).

Key Findings

• Widespread Microplastic Contamination: Microplastics were detected in all water, sediment, and macrophyte samples.

• Higher Contamination in Plants: The highest microplastic accumulation was found in Gracilaria sp. (9 ± 3 particles per gram), followed by Chaetomorpha sp. (8 ± 3 particles per gram) and Halodule pinifolia (6 ± 1 particles per gram).

• Most Common Microplastics:

Colors: Blue and transparent particles were the most abundant. Shapes: Fragments and fibers dominated the samples. Sizes: Sediment and water samples had larger microplastics (1000–2000 µm), while macrophytes had smaller ones (50–150 µm). Potential Sources: Likely pollution sources include fishing gear, textile waste, and urban runoff.

Why Is This Important?

Microplastics pose a threat to marine ecosystems by affecting aquatic plants and organisms. Since Negombo Lagoon is an important fishery and biodiversity hotspot, plastic pollution may impact food chains and local livelihoods. The study highlights the urgent need for waste management improvements to prevent further contamination.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): Calls attention to plastic pollution’s impact on marine biodiversity.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption & Production): Stresses the importance of reducing plastic waste and improving waste disposal systems.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study:  DOI: 10.3390/w17020157

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. U. P. K. Epa (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used to monitor, manage, and reduce marine pollution. AI technologies are increasingly applied to detect oil spills, monitor water quality, and identify plastic pollution in the ocean. The study highlights the growing role of AI in protecting marine ecosystems.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers conducted a systematic review of studies from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. They analyzed 198 research papers to understand how AI is applied to marine pollution management. The study categorized AI applications into three key areas:

• Oil Pollution Detection and Response

• Water Quality Monitoring

• Plastic Pollution Identification

Key Findings

• AI is Primarily Used for Monitoring: 57% of AI applications focus on tracking pollution levels in the ocean.

• Oil Spill Detection is a Major Focus: Many studies explore how AI can quickly identify and respond to oil spills to minimize environmental damage.

• Water Quality Monitoring is Advancing: AI is helping predict pollution trends and assisting decision-makers in managing water resources.

• Plastic Pollution is Harder to Address: AI faces challenges in detecting microplastics, but new technologies like deep learning are improving detection.

Why Is This Important?

Marine pollution threatens ocean life and human health. AI offers faster, more accurate, and automated ways to detect pollution, reducing environmental harm. The study emphasizes the need for continued research and real-world application of AI technologies. 

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): AI helps protect marine biodiversity by detecting and reducing pollution.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): The study encourages innovation in pollution management using AI-driven technologies.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/jmse12071181 

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. Kavinda Dayasiri  (Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study examines snakebites in children across Sri Lanka over a four-year period (2020–2024). By analyzing the frequency, patterns, and causes of these bites, the research aims to highlight the impact on children and suggest preventive measures.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers reviewed hospital records of 757 children (ages 0-17) from nine hospitals across seven provinces in Sri Lanka. They looked at factors such as age, gender, the type of snake involved, and seasonal trends in snakebite occurrences.

Key Findings

• Higher Risk for Boys: More boys (57.7%) were bitten than girls (42.3%), possibly due to greater outdoor activity.

• Common Snakes Involved: The most frequently identified venomous snakes were the hump-nosed viper (16.7%), Russell’s viper (14.7%), and common krait (12.9%).

• Seasonal Trends: Snakebites peaked in May–July and November–December, likely due to increased agricultural activities and monsoon season.

• Geographical Differences: The types of snakes varied by region, with dry-zone areas seeing more krait and viper bites, while wet-zone areas had more hump-nosed viper incidents.

Why Is This Important?

Snakebites pose a serious health risk to children, with potential long-term effects such as nerve damage and severe bleeding. Understanding these patterns helps improve public awareness, medical treatment, and antivenom availability, especially in high-risk seasons and regions. 

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being): The study helps develop better treatment strategies for snakebite victims.

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities): It highlights the need for improved healthcare access in rural and agricultural communities.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.2478/plua-2024-0020

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Senior Prof. Janitha A Liyanage (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya )

What is the Study About?

This study investigates soil quality and metal contamination in paddy fields and groundwater in a chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)-affected region in Sri Lanka. It aims to assess the accumulation of toxic metals and their potential link to the prevalence of CKDu. 

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers conducted field sampling in Maradankulama, a CKDu-prone area, collecting paddy soil and groundwater samples. Laboratory analyses were performed to measure soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, potassium, phosphate, and heavy metal concentrations. Groundwater samples were tested for heavy metals, anions, and general water quality parameters. Statistical methods were used to analyze trends in soil contamination and groundwater safety. 

Key Findings

1. Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Accumulation:

• The soil was slightly alkaline (pH 7.57 on average).

• Organic matter, potassium, and electrical conductivity were higher in the upper soil layers but decreased with depth.

• Heavy metal concentrations, including Pb, Zn, Mn, As, and Fe, increased with depth.

• A statistically significant correlation was found between soil depth and lead (Pb) concentration.

• However, heavy metal levels did not exceed critical toxicity thresholds for plants.

2. Groundwater Contamination and Safety:

• Toxic metals (Pb, Cd, As, and Cr) were present at levels below WHO safety limits.

• Some groundwater samples contained excessive fluoride, chloride, nitrite, and bromide.

• High water hardness and electrical conductivity indicated that groundwater was not suitable for direct consumption.

3. Potential CKDu Risk Factors:

• Heavy metals, although within safe limits, may gradually accumulate in the environment, potentially impacting human health.

• The combination of fluoride, hardness, and trace metals in groundwater could contribute to CKDu prevalence.

Why Is This Important?

Understanding soil and water contamination in CKDu-endemic regions is critical for public health and environmental sustainability. The study highlights the long-term risks of agrochemical use and the need for improved water treatment and sustainable farming practices. 

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Helps identify environmental factors contributing to CKDu and promotes safer water and food systems.

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): Emphasizes the need for improved drinking water quality in affected regions.

• SDG 15 (Life on Land): Supports sustainable soil and agricultural management to minimize contamination risks.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.2478/plua-2024-0020

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Nuwani Harshamali Manamperi (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?

This study investigates the proteomic profile of skin lesions caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka. While previous research has focused on the parasite's proteome, this study aims to comprehensively analyze host tissue proteins using mass spectrometry and validate key findings through immunohistochemistry.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers analyzed lesion specimens from patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and compared them to healthy skin samples. The study used advanced proteomic techniques to identify proteins involved in disease mechanisms and validated findings through immunohistochemistry of specific stress response markers.

Key Findings

• Differential Protein Expression: Sixty-seven proteins were significantly altered in CL lesions, with most being upregulated, indicating active disease processes.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Response: The study found increased activation of ER stress sensors (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) in lesion tissues, suggesting a role in disease pathology.

• Potential Viral Association: Several proteins related to viral response pathways were upregulated, raising the possibility of an endosymbiont virus influencing disease progression.

• Immune System Activation: The findings highlight enhanced antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, supporting a robust Th1 immune response against CL.

• Clinical Relevance: Immunohistochemical validation confirmed significant expression of ER stress markers, with staining intensity correlated to gender and histological grading.

Why Is This Important?

Understanding the host response to Leishmania donovani provides insights into disease progression and potential new therapeutic targets. The identification of ER stress pathways and possible viral interactions opens avenues for further research into novel treatment strategies.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Enhances knowledge of infectious disease mechanisms and aids in developing improved diagnostic and treatment approaches.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): Utilizes advanced proteomic and bioinformatics technologies to drive medical research innovations.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09499-0

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. D. S. M. De Silva (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?

This study investigated the presence and characteristics of microplastic (MP) contamination in mud crabs (Scylla serrata) inhabiting the Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka. Since tropical lagoons are highly impacted by plastic pollution, researchers examined the extent to which these crabs ingest microplastics and their potential ecological consequences.

What Did the Study Do?

• Collected and analyzed 100 mud crab samples from five locations in the Negombo Lagoon.

• Examined microplastic contamination in the gills and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) using microscopy and µ-FTIR analysis.

• Identified types, sizes, colors, and polymer composition of microplastics found in crabs.

• Investigated correlations between crab weight and microplastic contamination levels.

Key Findings

• Widespread Contamination: All 100 crabs contained microplastics, with an average of 11.57 MPs per crab.

• More MPs in the Digestive System: 63% of MPs were found in the gastrointestinal tract, while 37% were in the gills.

• Dominant Microplastic Type: Filaments (fibers) were the most common microplastic form.

• Common Polymer: Rayon (51%) was the main polymer found, likely originating from textiles and fishing gear.

• Size Variation: Smaller MPs (0.05–0.25 mm) were abundant in the gills, while larger MPs (1–5 mm) dominated the GIT.

• Potential Health Impact: MPs can cause nutrient dilution, oxidative stress, and digestive system damage in crab

Why Is This Important?

This study provides strong evidence that microplastic pollution is affecting aquatic food chains in Sri Lanka. Given that mud crabs are commercially valuable seafood, MP contamination raises concerns about food safety, ecosystem health, and human exposure to plastics through seafood consumption.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): Highlights the impact of plastic pollution on marine life.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption & Production): Urges better waste management to reduce plastic waste in aquatic systems.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/w16233534

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. Chamila Mettananda (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?

This study aimed to develop a new model to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Sri Lankans. Since existing risk prediction tools were designed for other populations, the researchers used machine learning to create a model specifically suited for Sri Lanka.

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers analyzed health data from 2,596 Sri Lankans over 10 years. They compared different risk prediction models, including the World Health Organization (WHO) risk charts, and tested how well their new model (SLCVD score) could predict heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths.

Key Findings

• More Accurate Risk Prediction: The new SLCVD score predicted heart disease risk better than the WHO risk charts.

• Simple & Practical: The model requires only six factors: age, sex, smoking status, diabetes status, blood pressure, and total cholesterol level.

• Better for Sri Lankans: Unlike generic models, this one was created using data from actual Sri Lankan patients, making it more relevant and accurate.

• Available Online: A free online tool was developed for easy use by doctors and the public.

Why Is This Important?

This model provides a more effective way to identify Sri Lankans at high risk of heart disease. By improving early detection, it can help prevent heart attacks and strokes, reducing the overall burden of cardiovascular diseases in the country.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Helps improve heart disease prevention and treatment.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): Uses advanced technology (machine learning) to improve healthcare solutions.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309843

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Shamila Thivanshi De Silva (Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?
This study assesses how effective the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine is in protecting people from getting infected, developing severe symptoms, or dying from COVID-19 in real-life conditions in Sri Lanka. 

What Did the Study Do?
Researchers conducted a study across 10 government hospitals in Sri Lanka. They compared people who tested positive for COVID-19 with those who tested negative. The participants were categorized into vaccinated (two doses of Sinopharm) and unvaccinated groups. The study then analyzed how the vaccine impacted infection rates, severity of illness, and deaths. 

Key Findings

• Protection Against COVID-19: The vaccine reduced the risk of infection by 78.2%.

• Prevention of Severe Disease: Vaccinated individuals were 88.7% less likely to develop severe symptoms compared to unvaccinated people.

• Reduction in Deaths: The vaccine was 85.6% effective in preventing deaths due to COVID-19.

• Age and Health Conditions: Younger people and those without underlying health issues experienced even higher protection levels.

Why Is This Important?
The findings show that the Sinopharm vaccine provides strong protection against COVID-19, especially in preventing severe illness and death. This highlights the importance of vaccination in reducing the burden of the pandemic. 

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being):
  Helps improve public health by reducing the impact of COVID-19.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure):
  Promotes innovative solutions in public health and vaccine research.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090341. 

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Koshila Ranasinghe (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?
This study investigates the diversity and species composition of symbiotic bacteria in the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The research aims to understand how these bacteria can be leveraged for innovative vector control strategies, such as paratransgenesis, to mitigate the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases.

What Did the Study Do?
Researchers conducted mosquito surveys in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka, collecting larvae and adult Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. They used microbiological techniques to isolate and identify the bacteria in the mosquito midgut. Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced to determine the species composition.

Key Findings

• Bacterial Diversity: The study identified several bacterial families in the mosquito midgut, including Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Moraxellaceae in adults, with an additional Micrococcaceae family in larvae.

• Larval vs. Adult Bacteria: There were similarities in the bacterial communities between larval and adult stages, although the relative abundance of specific families varied.

• Potential for Paratransgenesis: Lysinibacillus sphaericus, found in adult mosquitoes, was highlighted as a candidate for paratransgenesis, a novel vector control strategy.

Why Is This Important?
Understanding the symbiotic bacteria in mosquito midguts can inform the development of new methods to control mosquito populations and reduce disease transmission. The study's findings can help integrate gut microbes into existing vector control techniques like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT).

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): The study supports innovative approaches to controlling mosquito-borne diseases, contributing to better public health outcomes.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): It encourages research and development of new technologies for vector control.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1155/2024/1832200.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Gayan W. C. Kumarage (Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?

This study focuses on improving the photovoltaic performance of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films, specifically Cd(1−x)ZnxS, by employing seed assistance and EDTA treatment. It aims to enhance the optoelectronic properties of these thin films for better application in solar cells.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers synthesized three types of CdS thin films using different methods:

• Conventional CdS thin films via chemical bath deposition (CBD-CdS).

• CdS thin films with zinc incorporation (CBD-Cd(1−x)ZnxS).

• CdS thin films produced using seed-assisted electrodeposition followed by zinc incorporation and EDTA treatment (ED/CBD + EDTA-Cd(1−x)ZnxS).

They analyzed the films' structural, optical, and electrical properties using Grazing Incident X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurements.

Key Findings

• Structural Characteristics: The addition of zinc and EDTA resulted in reduced crystallite size and increased dislocation density, enhancing the films' optoelectronic properties.

• Optical Improvements: The band gap of the films increased, leading to improved photon transmission and reduced light absorption at longer wavelengths.

• Electrical Performance: The ED/CBD + EDTA-Cd(1−x)ZnxS films showed the highest open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (ISC), and flat-band voltage (Vfb), indicating superior photovoltaic performance.

Why Is This Important?

The study introduces a novel methodology that significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of CdS thin films, which is crucial for advancing solar cell technologies. These enhancements could lead to more efficient and cost-effective solar energy solutions.

How This Supports Global Goals

This research contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy): By enhancing solar cell efficiency, it supports the transition to renewable energy sources.

• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): The study promotes technological innovation in the field of sustainable energy materials.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/micro3040059

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. D.S.M. De Silva (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About?
This study explores microplastic contamination in the gastrointestinal tracts and gills of commercial fish species in the Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka. By assessing microplastic ingestion and characterizing its types and sources, the research highlights pollution challenges in a sensitive lagoon ecosystem that connects to the Indian Ocean.

What Did the Study Do?
The study examined 157 fish from 18 species, using digestion and stereomicroscopic techniques to detect microplastics. These particles were further analyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared (µ-FTIR) spectroscopy to identify their composition. Researchers also investigated relationships between fish size, feeding habits, and microplastic ingestion.

Key Findings

• High Contamination Rates: Over 54% of fish examined had ingested microplastics, with filaments and blue particles being the most common.

• Sources and Types: Microplastics were primarily filaments derived from synthetic materials like polyethylene and polyester, linked to fishing gear, textile waste, and local pollution.

• Size and Feeding Habits: Larger fish showed higher microplastic ingestion rates, but no significant link was found between ingestion and feeding habits.

Why Is This Important?
The findings reveal widespread microplastic contamination in edible fish, posing potential risks to marine ecosystems and human health. They underline the urgent need for pollution control measures in urban and coastal areas to protect vital aquatic resources.

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): The study emphasizes the impact of microplastics on marine biodiversity and advocates for sustainable lagoon management.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): It underscores the necessity of reducing plastic waste and improving waste management systems.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/w16202909

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Prof. Nayana Gunathilaka (Department of Parasitology, University of Kelaniya) 

What is the Study About? 

This study examines the presence of human strongyloidiasis, a parasitic infection, among immunocompromised individuals in Sri Lanka. Using molecular, parasitological, and serological diagnostic tools, the research aimed to assess infection rates and identify effective screening methods to prevent severe complications.  

What Did the Study Do?

The study recruited patients from three tertiary care hospitals in Colombo who had conditions causing immunosuppression. Researchers collected stool and blood samples, testing them using various methods, including:

• Molecular techniques like PCR to detect parasite DNA.

• Serological tests to identify Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies.

• Parasitological methods such as direct smears and agar plate cultures.  

Key Findings

• Infection Detection: Strongyloides stercoralis DNA was found in 11.4% of stool samples, while 16.4% of blood samples tested positive for antibodies.

• Method Sensitivity: Molecular methods like PCR were more reliable compared to traditional microscopy and culture techniques, which showed low sensitivity.

• Lack of Significant Associations: No strong link was found between infection rates and demographic or exposure factors, highlighting the need for routine screening regardless of symptoms.

Why Is This Important?

Strongyloidiasis can lead to life-threatening complications in immunocompromised patients if left untreated. The study emphasizes the importance of using advanced diagnostic methods like PCR for early detection and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings.     

How This Supports Global Goals

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being): Promotes improved healthcare for vulnerable populations by identifying cost-effective diagnostic strategies.

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): Highlights the role of sanitation in reducing parasitic infections.   

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/su16010394. 

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Senior Prof. Prabath Hewageegana (Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About? 

This study investigates the relationship between the pitch angles of spiral arms and supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses in spiral galaxies. Using advanced image analysis and computational modeling, the researchers explored how the structure of inner and outer spiral arms correlates with SMBH mass, aiming to refine our understanding of galaxy dynamics and formation.    

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers analyzed a sample of 10 spiral galaxies, measuring the pitch angles of inner and outer arms using sophisticated tools like the SPIRALITY code and the Python-OL script. Pitch angle data across multiple wavebands (e.g., infrared and optical) were used to calculate SMBH masses via established scaling relations. Comparisons with existing studies were conducted to validate the methodology and results.    

Key Findings

• Distinct Pitch Angle Patterns: The study revealed significant differences in pitch angles between inner and outer spiral arms, which influence SMBH mass estimates.

• Waveband Correlations: A strong correlation was observed between pitch angle measurements in infrared wavebands, emphasizing the reliability of these wavelengths in studying spiral galaxies.

• Inner Arms as Key Indicators: For galaxies with both inner and outer arms, SMBH mass was found to be more accurately determined using the pitch angles of inner arms.  

Why Is This Important?

The findings highlight the intricate dynamics of spiral galaxies and provide a refined method for estimating SMBH masses. This is vital for understanding galaxy evolution, as SMBHs play a pivotal role in shaping the structure and behavior of galaxies.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: 

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): Indirectly contributing to our understanding of cosmic processes that affect Earth's place in the universe.    

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae2200.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. H.A.C.C. Perera (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About? 

This study investigates how urbanization affects ecosystem services on islands, focusing on the Zhoushan Archipelago in China. Using advanced spatial analysis tools and ecosystem modeling, the research examines the tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem service bundles, aiming to guide sustainable urban development and ecological conservation.    

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers used multi-source spatial data and applied models such as InVEST and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to quantify ecosystem services. Key ecosystem services analyzed include water regulation, soil retention, and carbon sequestration. The study employed principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify patterns in ecosystem services and assess the impacts of human activities on island ecosystems.    

Key Findings

• Ecosystem Service Clusters: The study identified distinct clusters of ecosystem services, reflecting varying ecological functions across the islands.

• Urbanization Effects: Increased urbanization was associated with significant tradeoffs, such as soil erosion and reduced water regulation, but also highlighted potential synergies under coordinated planning.

• Regional Differences: The spatial analysis revealed regional heterogeneity in ecosystem services, suggesting that targeted management is necessary for sustainable development.  

Why Is This Important?

This research underscores the delicate balance between conservation and development in island ecosystems undergoing rapid urbanization. It provides essential insights for designing effective zoning and management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation while supporting economic growth and urban planning.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): It emphasizes sustainable urbanization strategies tailored for island settings.  

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): The findings support conservation efforts by identifying priority areas for ecological restoration.    

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/su16010394.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. M.P. Deeyamulla (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About? 

This study examines the chemical composition of rainwater across three sites in Kandy and Peradeniya to understand the relationship between rainwater quality and air pollution. By analyzing bulk precipitation collected over 11 months, the research assesses various water quality parameters, including pH, conductivity, salinity, and the presence of trace metals and anions, to determine the extent and sources of air pollution in these areas.    

What Did the Study Do?

Rainwater samples were collected weekly from three locations: the University of Peradeniya (UOP), Kandy City Central (KCC), and Polgolla. The researchers measured water quality parameters like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness, as well as concentrations of anions (chlorides, nitrates, sulfates) and trace metals (zinc, iron, aluminum, and others). Advanced analytical techniques, such as ion chromatography and microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, were used to evaluate the data.    

Key Findings

• Rainwater pH levels indicated no acid rain occurrences during the study period, with the highest pH observed at KCC.

• The KCC site, located in an urban area, recorded the highest values for conductivity, salinity, and TDS, suggesting elevated pollution levels compared to suburban (Polgolla) and peri-urban (UOP) areas.

• The dominant anions and trace metals followed consistent patterns, with chlorides and zinc being the most prevalent across all sites.

• Correlations between certain trace metals, such as aluminum and zinc at KCC, highlight possible shared pollution sources.   

Why Is This Important?

Understanding the chemical composition of rainwater provides valuable insights into air quality and pollution sources in Sri Lanka. This knowledge is critical for designing strategies to mitigate pollution and protect public health and ecosystems in urban and suburban areas.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): By addressing urban air quality issues, it supports sustainable urban planning.  

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): The findings enable better adaptation strategies for managing pollution under changing climate conditions.    

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100243.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. G.A.S.M. Ganehiarachchi (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About? 

This study explores the population density of Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly), a significant pest in Sri Lanka's fruit industry, across the country's bioclimatic zones. Utilizing the SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model, the research predicts seasonal density fluctuations from 2020 to 2025 and examines their implications on pest management and agricultural practices.    

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers collected monthly data from fruit fly traps set in 40 locations spanning Sri Lanka’s wet, intermediate, dry, and arid zones from 2020 to 2022. Using the SARIMA model, they forecasted population trends up to 2025 and analyzed density variations with GIS mapping techniques to provide spatial and temporal insights.     

Key Findings

• Bactrocera dorsalis density exhibits an increasing trend across all zones, with a predicted rise of 20% in the wet zone, 30% in the intermediate zone, 26% in the dry zone, and 37% in the arid zone by 2025.

• The arid zone is expected to have the highest density by 2025, while the wet zone is likely to record the lowest.

• Seasonal variations strongly influence the population, correlating with climate conditions and fruiting periods.   

Why Is This Important?

The findings offer critical insights for agricultural stakeholders, helping them implement targeted pest management strategies. Understanding population dynamics is essential for minimizing economic losses and ensuring sustainable fruit production in Sri Lanka.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): By supporting sustainable agricultural practices, it addresses food security challenges caused by pest outbreaks. 

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): It highlights how climate influences pest behavior, aiding in adaptive agricultural strategies under changing climate conditions.   

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1186/s43170-024-00241-2.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Kalya Subasinghe  (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya)

What is the Study About? 

This study investigates how the bill size of various Australian songbird species, specifically the Meliphagides, is influenced by temperature extremes. While bill morphology has been traditionally associated with feeding, new evidence suggests a crucial thermoregulatory function, where larger bills can assist in dissipating heat. The research explores whether extreme cold and hot weather conditions have led to regional adaptations in bill size to optimize thermal regulation.    

What Did the Study Do?

Using data from over 9,000 museum specimens spanning 79 Meliphagides species, researchers analyzed how bill size varied in relation to local climate extremes across Australia. Measurements included the length, width, and depth of bills, paired with climate data on temperature and humidity. By focusing on seasonal and extreme weather conditions, the study aimed to identify patterns in how bill morphology adapts to fluctuating environmental demands.     

Key Findings

Results indicate that bill size is significantly influenced by both high and low-temperature extremes, with larger bills more common in hot and humid areas, and smaller bills observed in colder, drier climates. Interestingly, the relationship between bill size and temperature extremes varied across regions, with factors such as humidity and rainfall further influencing these patterns. The findings support the theory that climate has a direct impact on avian morphology through thermoregulatory needs.   

Why Is This Important?

This research provides insights into how birds adapt physically to their environments, highlighting the importance of morphological changes in response to climate extremes. Understanding these adaptive traits is essential for predicting how species may respond to climate change, especially in managing heat and cold stress in diverse habitats.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): By improving understanding of species’ responses to climate variation, the study contributes to conservation planning efforts in the context of climate change adaptation.

• SDG 15 (Life on Land ): By documenting species-specific adaptations, this research supports the sustainable management of ecosystems critical for biodiversity conservation.  

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2480.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Dr. Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka )

What is the Study About? 

This study focuses on developing a genetically engineered microbial (GEM) biosensor capable of detecting cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in low concentrations. Heavy metals like cadmium are environmental pollutants that accumulate in water and food, posing health risks. This research introduces a biosensor using genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, which fluoresce in the presence of target metals, thereby enabling easy and specific detection.    

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers engineered an E. coli-based biosensor by modifying the genetic structure of the bacterial cells to express green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in response to Cd, Pb, and Zn. The modified E. coli cells were tested with various concentrations of these metals, and fluorescence intensity was measured to assess detection sensitivity and specificity. The biosensor was calibrated for real-time environmental monitoring, showing a high degree of sensitivity within a range of 1–6 parts per billion (ppb) for each target metal.     

Key Findings

The GEM biosensor demonstrated effective detection of Cd, Pb, and Zn with high specificity, as it did not respond to non-target metals like iron (Fe) or arsenate. Fluorescence intensity correlated linearly with increasing metal concentrations, highlighting the biosensor's ability to provide accurate quantification. Notably, mixtures of these metals also generated detectable fluorescent signals, suggesting potential for field applications.   

Why Is This Important?

The biosensor offers a portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly tool for detecting heavy metal contamination in water and soil, providing timely data for environmental health and safety. By eliminating the need for complex laboratory equipment, it simplifies heavy metal monitoring, making it accessible for broader applications.     

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By promoting innovations for environmental health monitoring to mitigate pollution exposure.

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By providing tools to ensure safe water resources through pollution detection.  

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00820-7.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka )

What is the Study About? 

This study explores the connection between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and perceived stress in Sri Lanka. GERD is a condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn. The research investigates the impact of stress on the frequency and severity of GERD symptoms across a representative sample of Sri Lankans.   

What Did the Study Do?

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,200 participants from all 25 districts in Sri Lanka. Data on GERD symptoms were collected using a validated GERD screening tool, and perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The study analyzed the correlation between stress levels and GERD symptoms, considering demographic and lifestyle factors.    

Key Findings

The study found that participants with moderate to high stress levels had a significantly higher prevalence of GERD symptoms. The odds of experiencing GERD were almost double for those under moderate to severe stress. Symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation were more common in individuals with higher stress, suggesting a strong link between stress and GERD in the Sri Lankan population.  

Why Is This Important?

GERD affects the quality of life and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. By highlighting the role of stress in worsening GERD symptoms, this study underscores the need for stress management in treating GERD. These findings can inform public health interventions aimed at reducing stress-related health problems in Sri Lanka.    

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By improving understanding of stress-related health conditions and promoting better healthcare strategies.

• SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth): By addressing health issues that impact workplace productivity due to stress-related disorders.  

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294135.

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)

• Menaka Hapugoda (Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)

What is the Study About? 

This study investigates the transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Sri Lanka, particularly in patients initially suspected of having dengue. The research, involving collaboration between the University of Kelaniya and hospitals in Kandy and Negombo, explores the presence of ZIKV during the dengue outbreaks between 2017 and 2019. It focuses on the detection of Zika virus co-circulating with dengue virus (DENV) in areas endemic to mosquito-borne diseases.   

What Did the Study Do?

A total of 595 serum samples were collected from dengue-suspected patients admitted to hospitals in Kandy and Negombo. Researchers performed molecular testing using real-time PCR to identify the ZIKV RNA and employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect ZIKV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG). Further neutralization tests were carried out to confirm the presence of ZIKV antibodies and determine the rates of ZIKV infection among these patients.    

Key Findings

The study confirmed the presence of Zika virus infections in 2.0% and 3.7% of patients in Kandy and Negombo, respectively. Co-infections with both ZIKV and DENV were observed, indicating simultaneous transmission. Most Zika cases were mild, but the study highlighted the potential for ZIKV to contribute to more severe clinical outcomes when occurring alongside dengue. This is the first substantial evidence of Zika virus circulating in Sri Lanka during a dengue outbreak.  

Why Is This Important?

Zika virus is a growing global concern due to its link to neurological complications and birth defects. This study provides critical data on the co-circulation of ZIKV and DENV in Sri Lanka, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic capabilities and public health measures. The findings call for enhanced surveillance and vector control strategies to mitigate the impact of mosquito-borne diseases in the region.    

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): By contributing to the understanding of infectious diseases and improving preparedness for future outbreak.

• SDG 13 (Climate Action ): Importance of climate change may influence the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.  

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.014

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• P.G.Y.W. Weerasekara (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)

• D. S. M. De Silva (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)

• R.C.L De Silva (Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)

What is the Study About? 

This study investigates the presence and distribution of microplastics (MPs) along the western coastline of Sri Lanka, specifically from the estuaries of the Kelani River to Mahaoya. With increasing concerns over plastic pollution, this research conducted by the University of Kelaniya focuses on analyzing the levels of MPs in beach sediments and surface seawater. The goal is to understand the scale of contamination and identify the types of plastics affecting these crucial coastal ecosystems.   

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers collected water and sediment samples from nine sites over a 42 km coastal stretch between the Kelani and Mahaoya estuaries. The study applied advanced techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), to identify and categorize the microplastics present. They analyzed the shape, size, and type of MPs found in both seawater and sediment, examining the correlation between these plastics and environmental conditions such as human activities and monsoonal changes.   

Key Findings

The study found that microplastics are widespread along the coast, with polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) being the most prevalent types. MPs were mostly found as fragments, followed by fibers and pellets. The highest concentration was observed at the Mahaoya estuary, while Dungalpitiya and other sites showed comparatively lower levels. The study also highlighted the impact of human activities such as fishing and tourism, which contribute to the accumulation of these plastics in the marine environment.   

Why Is This Important?

Microplastic pollution poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems and human health, as these plastics can be ingested by marine organisms and enter the food chain. By quantifying the types and distribution of MPs in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka, this study provides critical data that can guide policy-making and promote more sustainable waste management practices. It also emphasizes the need for urgent measures to reduce plastic waste in order to preserve coastal biodiversity and protect marine life.    

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): By addressing marine plastic pollution, this research supports efforts to conserve and sustainably use the oceans.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): The study underscores the importance of reducing plastic waste and promoting responsible waste management practices.  

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.20944/preprints202405.1431.v1 

Researchers involved at the University of Kelaniya:

• Rasika Dalpadadoa (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science)

• Deepika Amarasinghe (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science)

• Nayana Gunathilaka (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine)

• Annista N. Wijayanayake (Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science)

What is the Study About? 

This study focuses on developing a predictive model to forecast dengue outbreaks in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Dengue is a serious mosquito-borne disease affecting tropical regions. The study investigates the relationships between dengue transmission, vector indices (mosquito population metrics), and environmental factors like rainfall and humidity. By understanding these dynamics, the model aims to predict future outbreaks and guide preventative actions.  

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers collected data from 2014 to 2019 across urban, suburban, and rural areas of Gampaha. They examined mosquito breeding indices and climatic factors such as rainfall and humidity. This information was used to create multiple models that predict dengue incidence based on local conditions. The models were tested to ensure accuracy across different environments, including urban, suburban, and rural settings.  

Key Findings

The study found that the Breteau Index, which measures the density of mosquito larvae, is a strong predictor of dengue outbreaks. The model showed that higher mosquito breeding during rainy periods correlates with increased dengue cases. Specifically, rural areas, where Aedes albopictus mosquitoes dominate, showed a strong association between the Breteau Index and dengue outbreaks.  

Why Is This Important?

Predicting dengue outbreaks allows health authorities to implement vector control measures early, reducing the risk of large-scale epidemics. The model helps target high-risk areas and optimize resource allocation for mosquito control, ultimately improving public health outcomes in dengue-prone regions like Gampaha.  

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being ): Helping prevent the spread of infectious diseases like dengue.

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) : Improving public health infrastructure and response to environmental challenges. 

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32326 

What is the Study About? 

This study examines the impact of the Greater Kurunegala Sewage Treatment Plant (GKSTP) on the water quality of city canals in Kurunegala. Urban stormwater drains collect untreated wastewater, leading to pollution problems. To address this, the GKSTP was introduced in 2018 to treat the wastewater before it is released back into the environment. The study looks at whether this plant has improved the water quality in the canals and explores the challenges it still faces. 

What Did the Study Do?

Researchers measured the water quality at seven different sites in Kurunegala's canals, comparing current conditions to those before the GKSTP was established. They tested water during both dry and wet seasons for various factors like temperature, pH, levels of dissolved oxygen, and pollutants. They aimed to see if the plant effectively improved the water quality and identified where further improvements are needed. 

Key Findings

The study found that while the GKSTP has improved water quality compared to before, the water still does not meet acceptable standards in many areas. Pollution levels are higher during the rainy season, and some sites still have high levels of organic pollutants that can harm aquatic life. Although the water quality index has improved from 35 to 49 since the plant started, it still falls short of being satisfactory. 

Why Is This Important?

Improving water quality is essential for public health, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. The GKSTP has made progress, but more work is needed to address ongoing pollution, especially during the wet season. Better management of wastewater and more extensive treatment processes are required to protect water resources and meet national quality standards. 

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By treating wastewater and improving the quality of water used in agriculture and the environment.

• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) : By addressing urban water pollution and enhancing the sustainability of city infrastructure.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1412717

What is the Study About? 

Traditional financial markets are primarily concerned with economic metrics like GDP and stock indices. However, recent developments in the field of finance now allow us to measure a broader concept: socioeconomic well-being. Researchers from the University of Kelaniya, along with international collaborators, have developed a groundbreaking market for indices of socioeconomic well-being, offering a new tool to assess and manage the well-being of citizens worldwide.

What Did the Study Do?

This study aimed to create indices that assign a dollar value to the well-being of citizens across multiple countries, including the US, China, and Germany. These indices reflect various factors like income distribution, unemployment, and life expectancy. Researchers used advanced financial tools, such as asset pricing theory and econometric modeling, to design these indices, creating a financial market where well-being can be treated as a tradeable asset. 

Key Findings

The research revealed that these indices provide valuable insights into the socioeconomic stability of nations. For example, countries like the US showed high well-being scores, while others demonstrated vulnerabilities. The study also explored the potential for creating financial instruments, such as index-based options, that allow investors to hedge against downturns in a nation's well-being. 

Why Is This Important?

By quantifying and trading socioeconomic well-being, this innovative approach expands the scope of financial markets to include human welfare as a measurable asset. It encourages both policymakers and private investors to prioritize well-being, potentially leading to more equitable and sustainable economic policies globally. 

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Encouraging countries to measure and improve their citizens' well-being. 

• SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth): Highlighting the importance of socioeconomic stability for long-term growth. 

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.3390/jrfm17010035. 

What is the Study About? 

Dengue fever, a serious disease spread by mosquitoes, poses a significant threat, particularly in tropical regions like Sri Lanka. Traditional methods of mosquito control often rely on synthetic chemicals, which can cause environmental harm and lead to resistance in mosquito populations. To address this, researchers from Sri Lanka explored a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution by using plant extracts from indigenous species.

What Did the Study Do?

The research focused on three local plants: Garcinia quaesita, Garcinia zeylanica, and Coleus hadiensis. Scientists collected leaves from these plants, prepared extracts, and tested their effects on Aedes aegypti larvae, the primary vector of dengue fever. The team conducted bioassays to determine the effectiveness of these plant extracts in killing mosquito larvae.

Key Findings

The study revealed that extracts from Garcinia quaesita and Garcinia zeylanica were highly effective in reducing the mosquito larvae population, showing a dose-dependent increase in mortality. However, Coleus hadiensis did not exhibit the same larvicidal activity. The effectiveness of the Garcinia species was attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics, which interfere with the larvae's biological processes. 

Why Is This Important?

This research offers a promising alternative to chemical insecticides, potentially reducing the environmental impact of mosquito control programs. By utilizing locally available plants, this approach not only helps in controlling the spread of dengue but also supports the bio economy by promoting the use of natural resources in disease management. 

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Reducing the incidence of dengue by effectively controlling mosquito populations.

• SDG 15 (Life on Land): Promoting sustainable use of ecosystems through the utilization of indigenous plant species.

For more detailed insights, refer to the full study: DOI: 10.1111/1748-5967.12732 

What is the Study About? 

Livestock farming is crucial for food production, but managing the waste from dairy farms can pose serious environmental challenges. When manure from livestock is not properly treated, it can pollute our soil and water, harming plants, animals, and even humans. Researchers from Saitama University and the University of Kelaniya have developed a new approach to make dairy manure safer by significantly reducing its toxicity through a two-stage treatment process.

What Did the Study Do?

The researchers tested the effects of untreated and treated dairy manure using a simple plant-based method called the Allium cepa bioassay, which uses onion roots to detect toxic substances. The treatment involved two steps: first, they added chemicals (polyaluminum chloride and cationic polyacrylamide) to the manure to help separate the solid waste from the liquid. Next, they used an electric process called electrocoagulation with either aluminum or steel electrodes to further clean the liquid.

Key Findings

The study found that the two-stage treatment significantly reduced the toxicity of the liquid part of the manure. Before treatment, the manure was highly toxic, causing a high rate of cell damage in the onion roots. However, after the treatment, the harmful effects were greatly reduced, making the liquid safer for potential reuse or disposal. This means that the process could help protect our environment from the harmful impacts of untreated livestock waste.

Why Is This Important?

Managing dairy manure effectively can help prevent pollution and protect water quality, which is essential for both ecosystems and human health. This treatment approach provides a practical solution for farmers to manage livestock waste sustainably, reducing environmental risks and supporting cleaner agricultural practices.

How This Supports Global Goals

This study contributes to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): By reducing the toxicity of dairy manure, the treatment helps keep our water sources clean and safe.

• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): The approach encourages responsible waste management, turning potentially harmful waste into a safer resource.

• SDG 15 (Life on Land): By minimizing soil and water contamination, this method helps protect land ecosystems and supports biodiversity.

For more details, check out the full study: DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170001.